Looking for Alibrandi Essay Example

Looking for Alibrandi Essay â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† by Melina Marchetta provides useful and valuable insights into cultural misunderstandings between Australian and Italian families, relationships and prejudices particularly between Josie, her friends and family. Cross-cultural issues are explored in depth in â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi†. The novel shows the family traditional values within Josie’s family, one of these being Tomato Day. This cultural tradition is important because it fosters greater unity between family members. In addition, Italian family culture has a deep meaning about spending time with family. On the contrary, Josie, a 17 year old Italian-Australian girl, being an Australian of Italian descent, Josie resents some of the Italian traditions and is not too pleased about observing these traditions; since she thinks ‘Tomato Day’ is a ‘National Wog Day’, she says it in negatively and dishonourably tone. Josie’s perception of Italian culture is really despite to Nonna’s; Nonna shows a lot of respects and protection to the family name and traditions, while Josie resents and unaccepted to her values. Hence, Josie, Christina and Nonna, share a major age gap between them and examines the difference in generation gap in depth. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Alibrandi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Alibrandi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Alibrandi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As Nonna lied to Josie and her relatives that Josie’s father died before Christina gave birth to Josie, thus Christina and Josie are misunderstanding to Nonna and also did not accept with what she did. It shows the differences in generation’s point of view towards Christina’s pregnancy. Furthermore, â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† also displays relationships in a lot of depth, for instance, the relationships between Josie and Michael Andretti, Jacob Coote and John Barton. Josie meets Michael Andretti angrily because he left Josie’s mother when she got pregnant; therefore Josie became illegitimate child with no father. However, when Josie feels helpless and struggle after she hits Carly’s nose, she can only think about Michael to help her as a barrister and father. This event demonstrates that Josie really wants to and be proud of having father; they had more trust and build up the father- daughter relationships too. Josie’s final year of high school transforms her from the childhood world of dependence on her mother to dealing with adults like Michael Andretti and Jacob Coote. Jacob, the school captain of Cook High School, Josie calls him an ‘individualist’, because he has a strong personality, sensitive and independent as a typical Australian. Jacob feels uncomfortable in unfamiliar situations as he finds it difficult to understand with Josie’s Italian cultural background, he does not respect and think the traditions should not be maintained. For example, once, Jacob gave a sexual advance to Josie, but she is unwillingness to make love and told Jacob clearly that Italian thinking is more traditional and different to Australian’s. Sexual activity is not by accepted to Italian, but Australian just sees this as a normal practise. By comparison between Jacob Coote and John Barton, they are both Australian, but living in very different attitudes and family. John has weak and low self-image who comes from a well-educated family. Josie admires him and they have a very good relationship, but Josie did not realise that John is very upset as he is under a lot of pressure by his father to become ‘the best prime minster’, therefore, John’s father and people around John have a high expectation of him. As a result, John gets a lot of pressure that he thinks no one would understand him. John’s pressure from unconfident about passing the HSC, forces him to commit suicide. This does upset Josie but it also makes her a lot more resilient too. â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi†, also illustrates many prejudices between rich and poor people, and the racial prejudice. St. Martha is Josie’s school which is â€Å"dominated by white Australian†, high-class and rich people. Children of wealthy migrants accepted because of their wealth, which cause a social discrimination as Josie finds hard to cope in this school with her strong Italian and middle working class family background. The novel shows that although Australia is a multicultural society, but it still has racist problems with people from different culture backgrounds. Melina Marchetta always uses the word â€Å"Wog†, which is an offensive word to coloured skin people especially Italian, which is throughout the whole novel to inspire readers in racist issues. For instant, Ivy comes from high-class Australian family, who is not accept Josie as an Australia, but a completely Italian immigrant with strong Italian culture background. This idea is clearly expressed in these words â€Å"You’re a new Australians wear black a lot don’t you Josephine? â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† emphasises some important cultural, relationship and social and racial prejudices among people from different cultural background. It examines the strength and resilience of Josie to cope with the relationship with family, John Barton’s dead and Jacob Coot’s sexual advance, and the intolerance of Italian traditions by Nonna. This novel makes readers aware of to see the beauty in other culture, because the world has many different cultures, we need to be respect, although there may have something that you may not except. Looking for Alibrandi Essay Example Looking for Alibrandi Essay Looking for alibrandi the flim questions answers. Plot Opening credits: burning heart motif, behind which, an aeroplane flies over blue skies. Tomato Day (beginning). The whole extended family help make pasta sauce. Josie is introduced an reveals that she hates it. She tries to change the music and leaves as soon as her friends arrive. The heads to Bondi beach with Anna and Sera. News of her and her friends sunbathing reaches home before she does. At night she is studying and voices over a sequence introducing her mother. She climbs into bed with her and learns Michaels back. Introduction of St. Marthas. Carly Bishop and lots of wealthy friends are introduced. Carlys racism is revealed early. Class: While trying to cheat on a test, Josie is caught out, but she tells Sister Louise she was looking at Carlys Skamp magazine, criticising it for being anti-Christian. Sister Louise calls her into her office and gives her a talking to about HSC, being Vice-Captain and her new job. St. Anthonys comes to visit in order to discuss the years social calendar. John Barton is introduced. Josie fantasises about being his wife. On her way to Nonnas, Josie dawdles, but is tracked by the spy ring. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Alibrandi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Alibrandi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Alibrandi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At Nonnas she is hot and bothered and meets her father for the first time. She runs away and her mother guesses whats happened. Josie and Anna get a life to have a say day with Angelo. Jacob Coote speaks after Josie, and while she says she isnt she seems to be impressed by him. They talk afterwards, looking at Carly and John Barton having their photos taken. A celebration lunch. Spotting a quiet moment, Christina and Michael talk about Josie, but it quickly develops into an argument which Josie, then Nonna walk in on. Josie stays with Nonna. She tries to listen to her Walkman, but Nonna makes her get the photos. She talks about coming out on the boat. Rugby game: Josie sees John Barton and they talk. He is concerned that his father controls everything about his life. They decide they are both suffering under the weight of tradition. The dance: Josie prays John will ask her to dace, but Jacob does instead. They dance for seven and a half songs, then while angling for a lift with John, Jacob offers to drop her home. They ride on his motorbike, during which time, Josie goes from being petrified to enjoying it. They arrive at Josies house, and after a couple of botched attempts, they decide to go out. Josie meets John at the University to go over their course for the following year. Josie and Jacob go on a date to the movies. It ends horribly after being unable to decide on a film to watch. Michael drives along while Josie is storming home after the date. She accuses him of trying to buy them off, takes her anger out on him and leaves him there. Josie swaps souls with John Barton. She puts his in a box under the bed. While working at Oporto, Josie and Anna are visited by Jacob and Anton. Returning from a holiday break, Josie learns that John Barton is dead. The funeral: Robert is a pallbearer. At home, Josie remembers about Johns soul, opens it and reads it. He talks about the pressure on him to be what he isnt. Josie tears up the piece of paper and sets him free. Josie sees Jacob on the bus. He gives her a hug. During confession, Josie breaks down. As she is leaving the chapel, Carly makes another racist comment. Josie breaks her nose with a history book. In Sister Louises office, Ron Bishop wants Josie to pay for the damage. Swallowing her pride, Josie calls her father, who arrives and sorts the situation out. Christina goes on a date with Paul Presilio, much to the annoyance of her mother and daughter. Nonna goes through the photos again and talks about Marcus Sandford. While shes walking with Jacob, Michael stops Josie and offers her a job. They give Jacob a life home and have a coffee. Nonna sees them and takes Josie away. At her mothers work, Josie talks to her about the possibility of dating. They talk about when she and Michael were seventeen. Josie goes to stay over at Michaels. Shes impressed with his lifestyle, but finds a photo of his girlfriend back in Adelaide. End of school. They have a big break up fight with water and flour. Studying, Sera tells Josie that her relationship with Jacob is doomed because they come from different stock. Josie goes to Jacobs and meets his dad. In Jacobs room, things progress towards having sex. Josie decides it isnt the right time. They argue, Josie leaves, and Jacob catches her on the steps, asking why they are such a disaster. Josie sits her HSC, studying hard. She thinks she sees John Barton at the train station. Michael tries to teach Josie to drive, but reveals that hes heading back to Adelaide. Josie gets upset, abuses him and storms off. At Bondi beach, Josie talks with her friends. She realises that Francesco couldnt have been her natural grandfather and races off to confront Nonna about it. Nonna concedes the truth, but wants to keep it from Christina, who arrives just in time. Tomato Day (end). Michael is there, and when Jacob arrives, Josie brings him in and he is given a job. Anna and Sera are also brought in. Josie puts on the music her family likes and asks Nonna for a dance. Setting The setting of a film is always important. Take particular note of where events occur, because it is often not by accident. * St. Marthas: Josies school is introduced in quite a dismissive way. Josie says that shes surrounded by girls who are treated like princesses by their fathers. She does not like the hypocrisy or shallowness of her school. At St. Marthas its all about money, prestige and what your father does for a living. The uniform makes everyone look the same, which removes Josies individuality, but also reminds the audience that the differences people here operate on are just as seen as unseen, like what you father does for a living. * Home: Josies house is a small, modest flat, some distance from the school. This distance represents the social distance between Josie and the rest of the students at St. Marthas. There are a number of shots that show Josie looking out the small windows of their flat (introducing her mother, and after meeting her father) which remind the viewer that Josie feels cramped here, and that she wants to move both up in the world and to a better house. * Michaels Apartment: The apartment represents the things that Josie could gain from having a career like Michaels. She wants to have enough money to live like this and even directly connects Michaels law practice with this apartment. Having the harbour bridge so prominently placed in many of the shots that take place here reminds the audience of travelling and Josies desire to cross over into this kind of world. Character and characterisation Josie Several of the events that occur during the film help us to see the way that Josie develops and changes over the course of the film: * Tomato Day (beginning): Josie is a reluctant participant in the family and cultural ritual. She doesnt see herself as belonging there. She talks about her future, and about not really knowing where she fits in to society. Meeting her father: At the beginning of the film, Josie says that fathers seem pretty useless anyway, and that she is happy do do without hers. As Michaels influence grows, Josie learns that half of her family history has been missing, and that Michael and her can have a fruitful relationship, beneficial to both of them. * Going out with Jacob: He teaches her that first impressions arent always right about people, and that a relationship across different ethnic backgrounds can work. She also learns its important to preserve your individuality in a relationship. Studying for her future: Josie realises that these exams are an important part of the journey towards the life she wants. She learns that it is important to keep everything in balance, including friendships, relationships, work and school. * Resolving the curse: Confronting her Nonna over Marcus Sandford helps to bring Josies relationship with her to a new level. Josie is more understanding of Nonna, and Nonna is more accepting of her grandchild born out of wedlock. * Tomato Day (end): How much Josie has grown and learnt over the course of the film is revealed in the final scene. She embraces her family and their traditions, welcomes her friends and boyfriend into the environment and is positive about not knowing exactly what will happen in the future. Relationships As Josie as the central character in the film, most of the relationships are centred around her. Each one is important and Josie learns a little from each one to become the person she is at the end of the film. * Nonna and Mamma: Undoubtedly Josies closest relationship is with these two. They support and frustrate each other enormously, but by the end of the film, Josie is more appreciative of what each of them does for her. Jacob: He teaches her that first impressions arent always right about people, and that a relationship across different ethnic backgrounds can work. She also learns its important to preserve your individuality in a relationship. * Her father: Josie doesnt realise how much shes missed having a father until he shows up. While shes always been happy growing up with her mother, she begins to realise the support and advice of her father might come in handy. * Sera and Anna: Josies best friends are always there to support her, take her places and discuss ideas with. Sera comes from a similar Italian family so Josie doesnt feel her family is completely different to everyone she knows, while Anna makes work at Oporto a little more fun. * John Barton: At first John represents where Josie wants to be. After getting to know him, and especially after his suicide, John shows Josie that you can feel alone and misunderstood regardless of your background. * Carly Bishop: Carly represents all thats bad in the world of the wealthy. She is image obsessed, shallow and vindictive. Josie knows that if she enters Johns privileged world, she wont be like Carly. Structure Compare the beginning and ending of the film The film covers a period of twelve months, beginning and ending with the family Tomato Day. There are several key difference between these two scenes that reveal how much Josie has learnt and grown over the course of the film. What do each of these tell us about Josie? Beginning * Josie tries to put some modern music on. * She runs away to the beach with Sera and Anna as soon as they arrive. * She talks about the curse afflicting the Alibrandi women. * Footage is coloured to make it look old and out of date. This might be where I come from, but do I really belong here? Ending * Josie puts Tintorella di Luna on the record player instead of taking it off. * She asks Nonna for a dance. * She invites Jacob, Sera and Anna in to help. * She doesnt try to escape to the beach. * Her voiceover talks about the good things going for the family, not the bad. I know now that whats important who I feel I am. Im Christina and Michaels daughter and Im Katias granddaughter. And were not cursed, were blessed. Voiceover Josie talks to us directly through voicing over the images that are shown. She uses this technique to explain whats going on, to tell us how she feels about things, to introduce background information, but also to reproduce the kind of first person narrative the novel has. * Tomato Day (beginning): Josies doubts about her family, her culture and her future emerge through this voiceover. This might be where I come from, but do I really belong here? She also introduces us to key members of her family: Mamma, Nonna, cousin Robert etc. * Background Information: Josie tells us a lot of important background information in this voiceover. She reveals that Francesco kicked Christina out when she was seventeen; that Nonna believes Josie brought the curse on the family, and that only Josie and Christina know that Michael Andretti is Josies father. St. Marthas: Josie uses this voiceover to convey a number of things to us: contrasts between Anna and Sera, and also how she feels about being surrounded by people like Carly Bishop: Because Im surrounded by girls whose fathers treat them like princesses. * Tomato Day (end): A lot of what Josies learnt about herself over the previous year is conveyed through this final voiceover. She admits to not knowing everything, but she does know and appreciate more where she belongs. I know now that whats important is who I feel I am. Fantasy sequences One way to get the thoughts in Josies head from the book onto the movie screen was to invent these fantasy sequences. They are also a way of showing how creative, imaginative and romantic Josie is. * Carlys arrival: Carly is such a glamorous figure in her school that Josie believes there is some truth in this fantasy. The way that all of her friends fawn over her seem to Josie to be similar to this kind of movie star treatment. Marrying John Barton: So hung up is Josie on the idea that she is going to marry into the world of John Barton, that she begins to dream about it. She becomes shadow attorney general (like the most powerful lawyer in the country) and all of the people she knows gather around her. * St. Barbara: Josies fear that this year is going to be disastrous is acted out in the fantasy that she is St. Barbara who was beheaded by her father. Coming shortly after meeting her father for the first time, clearly Josie is worried about how things will develop. Being rescued by Michael: After Michael talks their way out of being sued by Ron Bishop, the stained glass window in the stairwell at St. Marthas changes to reveal Michael as an angel, rescuing Josie. Light builds behind it, making it almost a biblical miracle. After John Bartons death, the fantasy sequences get fewer and farther between. There are no more after Josie begins studying for her HSC. This represents something of a loss of innocence, where Josie is no longer as dreamy or as optimistic as she was at the beginning of the film. Important Events Josie meeting her father for the first time: This has a profound impact on Josies life. She goes through a range of emotions, but ends up seeing him as a person who has a lot to offer her, and who completes a part of her she never knew anything about. He helps her with her studies and gi ves her practice working in a law firm. * John Bartons death: This helps Josie to see a number of things: life in his world can be just as difficult as in hers; you can feel as if you dont belong, regardless of the world you come from, and also that she doesnt need to make the same mistake John did. Confronting Nonna: This helps Josie to see the motives behind her grandmothers actions. She was trying to protect Christina, rather than punish her, and was hurt when she fell pregnant. By bringing everything out in the open, their feeling can begin to be resolved and they can move forward as three generations of strong, loving Alibrandi women. Close Reading Tomato Day (beginning) The very first image of the film is an aeroplane flying somewhere. Josie desperately want to be somewhere else and the plane is one symbol of this. Tintorella di Luna (and old Italian twist song) plays in the background. This sequence is one continuous shot until Josie arrives. When she appears on camera, the colour returns to normal and editing begins. It was shot on a handheld camera and coloured to make it look like an old home movie. This gets us thinking about a number of things: tradition (old ways vs. new); family (home movies) and culture (bringing things from an old country to a new one). Questions: 1. . What reasons does Josie give for not wanting to be part of Tomato Day? 2. . Which important characters are introduced in this sequence? 3. . How does Josie show she doesnt want to be part of this world? 4. What ideas does Josie express about her future? Introduction to St. Marthas Josie walks up to her school while the wealthier students are dropped off in expensive cars. She tells us about her and her friends circumstances, and says that fathers seem pretty useless anyway so why would she want one? Carly Bishop is introduced and Josie runs through a fantasy scene where she is a famous model who is adored by the students at St. Marthas. The colours that dominate this sequence are cold whites and blues making the school uninviting, very different to the warm reds and yellows of Josies backyard. Questions: 1. . What contrasts are there between people like Carly Bishop and people like Josie Alibrandi in this scene? 2. . How has dialogue been used to introduce Carlys character? Meeting Michael for the first time Nonnas on the phone to one of her spy ring when Josie arrives. Shes hot and irritable. When she tries to turn the air conditioning on, shes ushered out of the room because its only for when guests are around. Josie and Nonna argue and Nonna tells her to go home. Josies just about to do this, when Michaels standing at the door. Shes caught off guard and runs away, embarrassing Nonna. The soft focus and halo of light around Michaels face when the door is opened makes him seem angelic or like a star in a romantic film. One ironic line of dialogue is when Nonna says I was taught to speak English before you mother was born. Questions: 1. . Why do you think Nonna like to speak Sicilian when Josies around? 2. . Why does Michael say Christinas daughter? slowly? Jacob drops Josie off Having just had an adrenaline-filled ride home, Jacob walks Josie up to her house. He tells her about her mother and the process he went through grieving for her. He thought she was wealthy because she goes to that snob school. They pause and Jacob tries to kiss Josie, who initially pulls away, realises shes made a mistake and leans forward, by which time Jacobs pulled away. Jacobs embarrassed: Oh look, youre not really my type. Questions: 1. . Why does Jacob seem interested in whether Josie would be at a school like Cook High if she wasnt on her scholarship? 2. . What contrasts are there between Josie and Jacob? Setting Johns soul free Lying in bed after the funeral, Josie remembers she has Johns soul under her bed. She gets it out and reads it. John wants to be all of the things people want him to be, but knows he cant be them all. All he wants is freedom. The camera (mounted on a crane) pulls back to allow John the freedom he desires. Tearing up the letter also tells the audience that she wont follow John towards suicide when things are difficult. She wont hold on to the pain and the grief. Questions: 1. . What link is there between what John wants and Josie tearing up the letter? 2. . Why does John list the different things people want him to be? Breaking Carlys nose After breaking Carlys nose with her History book, Josie tries to handle it on her own, but after Carly criticises her for having no father, she brags about him being a solicitor. She calls him and has to remind him where she goes to school. Michael arrives and tries to get Josie to tell him what name Carly called her, but she wont say. All she says is that nobody ever told Johns friends they couldnt play at his house, bringing one of the underlying issues up. Michael understands and talks their way out of trouble. Questions: 1. . What was the previous encounter between Josie and Michael? 2. Why is there a pregnant pause after Michael says the words My daughter ? 3. . Why does Michael mention he has a bad temper? Saying no Josies concerned about what Sera said about her and Jacobs relationship being doomed because theyre from different backgrounds. Jacob can see this instantly and tries to calm her down. She meets his Dad and it is revealed that they have a close relationship. The kis s in Jacobs room and head towards having sex, but Josie decides shes not ready. Jacob gets anxious but Josie knows that just because Jacob and she have had different experiences with love and sex, they dont have to move at his pace. Questions: 1. . What might Jacob say in reply to Josies comment that he lives without culture? 2. . What reasons does Jacob give for them being suited? 3. . Why do you think things dont always run smoothly? Confronting Nonna Josie confronts Nonna about her hypocrisy. Nonna explains what is was like for her in a marriage where her husband was abusive. In her heart, she imagined she was married to Marcus Sandford back in Queensland. She wanted to protect Christina from repeating the same fate and was upset when she found out that Christina had been seeing boys behind her back, and was pregnant. Questions: 1. . What things stop as a result of this scene? 2. . What does she learn about her Nonna as a result of this conversation? 3. . Josies first reaction is to run off and tell her mother. Why would that have been the wrong thing to do? (Why was it better for them all to sit down and share it? ) Tomato Day (end) Tomato day again. A whole year has passed. This time Josie is much more secure in who she is, and accepts that her family is an important part of who she is. She doesnt try to run away as soon as she can, on the contrary, she brings first Jacob, then Sera and Anna in to help. The final clue that she is happy here is asking Nonna for a dance. It symbolises the way they have resolved their differences. I know now that whats important who I feel I am. Im Christina and Michaels daughter and Im Katias granddaughter. And were not cursed, were blessed. Questions: 1. . What has Josie achieved in the previous twelve months? Symbolism Travelling One of the most important symbols in the film is the idea of travelling. Josies culture has been transported to Australia, and she is trying to transport herself to a different style of life. These are some of the more important examples of this symbol, or motif. The very first shot of the film is of an aeroplane flying over the house. Planes often symbolise people wanting to go places. The final sequence of the film also has a shot of an aeroplane, but this time, Josie simply looks up, happy exactly where she is. * Josies first means of escape from her family at the beginning of the film is by travelling. She jumps in Ser as car and heads for the beach to escape National Wog Day. * Johns expensive car is another reminder that they come from separate backgrounds. Carly is offered the lift, suggesting that she is more suitable for John because of her family. The cruel blow is that Josie initially thinks she is being offered a lift. * Josies relationship with Jacob is symbolised by the motorbike. It is fast, unstable, dangerous but can also be a lot of fun. Driving over the bridge can also be seen to symbolise moving into adulthood because she considers having sex with him. * Josie must take public transport to her school. She has to travel quite a distance because she cant afford to live in the wealthy area around the school. She also hopes that the scholarship will help her to travel to a better life: a lawyer with lots of money. The rollercoaster outside Michaels apartment could be seen as a symbol of Josies life as a whole, but it particularly suits her relationship with her father. It go through its ups and downs and certainly throws Josie around a bit. The Volcano The image of the volcano occurs a couple of times during the film, but it is quite an important symbol to remember when thinking of Josie. Lots of things are building up i nside her and they often come out in shows of strong emotion. She often deals with problems by yelling, abusing someone or crying, all of which can be seen to be similar to a volcano welling up and overflowing. The first example of the volcano occurs when Jacob offers to give Josie a lift home. Behind them as they are getting onto the bike, a screen is playing footage of a volcano exploding. Josies emotions are also welling up in this scene, with her frustration at not being asked to dance by John Barton being matched against her rising interest in Jacob. * The second instance of the volcano symbol is on the glass wall of the Bar Stromboli where Josie has coffee with her father. Things are welling up inside her over her relationship with her father too, particularly given that Nonna doesnt like her seeing him. Throughout the film, Josies emotions swing from not wanting anything to do with her father, to wanting he and her mother to get back together. Occasionally it gets too much for her and she erupts at him. Hands Hands are often things that we take for granted, but watching what they do in a film can be quite a useful way of exploring ideas and relationships. * In both of the Tomato Day sequences, hands dominate the shots. Most of the people present are doing something with their hands, largely towards making the pasta sauce for the family. Because of this, they symbolise the way that people can do things for others. Other examples include preparing meals for other people (Nonna does this often) to show you care for them and you want them to be happy and well. * When Josie leaves to go to Bondi with her friends, she washes her hands of tomato juice. This is symbolic of what she wants to do with her family and culture as a whole at the beginning of the film: she wants to wash her hands of them (be rid of them). She learns that it isnt as easy as that, and by the end of the film, she has learnt that she is better off embracing them, rather than being ashamed of them. When Nonna is angry at Josies cheekiness, she raises her hand as if to discipline her, but drops it when her point is made. Hands can communicate peoples emotions, and especially show when they are angry. Another time hands reveal emotions is when Josie uses her to break Carlys nose with a history book. Soundtrack When studying film, the word soundtrack measn everything you can hear, not just the music used in the film. Having said tha t, the background music used in the film is quite significant. Background Music The producers of the film wanted the music to be an important part of the film. The lyrics of most of the songs used in the film enhance the audiences understanding of what occurs during each scene. Here are a few examples. * Tintarella di Luna (Performed by Gina Zoia) This is the song that Josie takes off in the first Tomato Day sequence, but put on in the second, asking Nonna for a dance. * With or Without You (Performed by Hamish Cowan) and Im waiting for you, with or without you. I cant live, with or without you Nothing to win and nothing left to lose * Supernova (By Magic Dirt) I have looked all over the place, but you have got my favourite face oure a human supernova, solar superman. Your kiss is as wicked as an M-16 and you talk like a volcano and youre everything to me. (A supernova is an exploding star) * Miss You Love (by Silverchair) and Im not sure, not sure, not too sure to know how it feels to handle every day Important ideas The importance of friends * Josies friends help her a lot in the film. They help her through difficult times and they h elp her to understand things. * When Josie introduces us to her friends, she says that they kinda happened by default, but despite this, they are excellent friends who help each other out enormously. Coming from similar backgrounds as Josie, she feels as though shes not alone at St. Marthas. * Johns death helps Josie to see a number of things: life in his world can be just as difficult as in hers; you can feel as if you dont belong, regardless of the world you come from, and also that she doesnt need to make the same mistake John did. * When John dies, Anna and Sera wait by the lockers so they can be around when Josie gets to school. They try to break it to her as gently as possible and tidy up Josies dropped things after she runs out. They leave her to go too, understanding she needs space. Seras comment that you need to be from the same background to make a relationship work might be based in the truth, but its not as simple as that. Josie learns that it might be true, but it might not be as well. The reassurance she seeks from Jacob is quickly given. The pressure to be perfect Lots of the images that only appear on the screen for a second, or might appear in the background are very important in the story. All of the posters and magazine covers below were made by the Art Department working on the film and laced in important places. Eastwest: This sign is on the back of the bus as Josie enters St. Marthas. It has women admiring themselves on it, but also the phrase Eastwest. Josie is trying to get from the poorer Western suburbs of Sydney to the richer Eastern suburbs. * Skamp: The Skamp magazine appears twice before Josie is called out in front of class. This shows how much image and magazines like this are revered at St. Marthas. Notice one of the articles is called Claws to die for, which makes the girls seem like animals who are capable of killing each other. The Dance: All of the girls in the bathroom are touching up their makeup, or ensuring they look good before returning to the dance floor. Very catty dialogue occurs in this setting, perhaps because the girls are nervous about how they look, and are eager to put others down. * Girltalk: This shot s hows Carly on yet another magazine cover, this time wearing a T-shirt that says racism sucks. The composition of the shot cuts the top half of Josie out of the frame, suggesting that she is not as important as the magazine cover. * Why would you want to? When Josie is with John for the last time, the posters behind them at the train station ask one huge question: Why would you want to? questioning why John feels suicide is the only way out. Knowing where you belong At the beginning of the film, Josie thinks she doesnt belong anywhere. Shes too Australian to be Sicilian, but too Sicilian to truly be an Australian. As the film progresses she gains a better understanding of who she is and where she fits in. * At the beginning of the film, Josie says This might be where I come from, but do I really belong here? , sparking off the great journey of the film. Josie sees her family as living in the past and tries to distance herself from them: Im going places. * Meeting her father is an important part of Josies search for belonging. The story of how her parents fell in love and the circumstances surrounding her conception help her to understand that she is not cursed. * Josies relationship with Jacob helps her to understand other peoples realities too. She sees Jacob as being without culture in that he is Australian, and doesnt have the same ties to a culture like the Sicilians do. Despite this, Josie learns that life in Jacobs world can be difficult too. She learns that relationships wont necessarily help you feel you belong somewhere. * By the end of the film, Josies sense of belonging is much more secure. She recognises that while she may have a great future ahead of her, she is also has strong ties to her past. I know now that whats important who I feel I am. Im Christina and Michaels daughter and Im Katias granddaughter. And were not cursed, were blessed. She has found Alibrandi. Overcoming obstacles * The film presents Josie with a number of challenges and obstacles to overcome, often leading towards her independence. She does them with varying degrees of success but learns from all of them. * Work: Josie has to juggle her school and social life with her new job at Oporto. * John Bartons death: This helps Josie to see a number of things: life in his world can be just as difficult as in hers; you can feel as if you dont belong, regardless of the world you come from, and also that she doesnt need to make the same mistake John did. * Racism: Josie is able to ignore Carlys racist comments for most of the film, but when shes feeling fragile after Johns death, she snaps and uses physical violence. Relationships: Being in a serious relationship is difficult for Josie, but she works hard at it. Jacob is serious and really wants it to work, but Josie is a little more philosophical, saying We dont always get what we want, but God I love your faith. * Studies: Josie studies and works hard for her HSC. She hopes to do law, and is already helping out in Michaels law practice. * Learning to Drive: A drivers li cence is an important symbol of independence for Josie. She is studying for it when the film ends. Looking for Alibrandi Essay Example Looking for Alibrandi Essay â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† by Melina Marchetta provides useful and valuable insights into cultural misunderstandings between Australian and Italian families, relationships and prejudices particularly between Josie, her friends and family. Cross-cultural issues are explored in depth in â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi†. The novel shows the family traditional values within Josie’s family, one of these being Tomato Day. This cultural tradition is important because it fosters greater unity between family members. In addition, Italian family culture has a deep meaning about spending time with family. On the contrary, Josie, a 17 year old Italian-Australian girl, being an Australian of Italian descent, Josie resents some of the Italian traditions and is not too pleased about observing these traditions; since she thinks ‘Tomato Day’ is a ‘National Wog Day’, she says it in negatively and dishonourably tone. Josie’s perception of Italian culture is really despite to Nonna’s; Nonna shows a lot of respects and protection to the family name and traditions, while Josie resents and unaccepted to her values. Hence, Josie, Christina and Nonna, share a major age gap between them and examines the difference in generation gap in depth. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Alibrandi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Alibrandi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Alibrandi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As Nonna lied to Josie and her relatives that Josie’s father died before Christina gave birth to Josie, thus Christina and Josie are misunderstanding to Nonna and also did not accept with what she did. It shows the differences in generation’s point of view towards Christina’s pregnancy. Furthermore, â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† also displays relationships in a lot of depth, for instance, the relationships between Josie and Michael Andretti, Jacob Coote and John Barton. Josie meets Michael Andretti angrily because he left Josie’s mother when she got pregnant; therefore Josie became illegitimate child with no father. However, when Josie feels helpless and struggle after she hits Carly’s nose, she can only think about Michael to help her as a barrister and father. This event demonstrates that Josie really wants to and be proud of having father; they had more trust and build up the father- daughter relationships too. Josie’s final year of high school transforms her from the childhood world of dependence on her mother to dealing with adults like Michael Andretti and Jacob Coote. Jacob, the school captain of Cook High School, Josie calls him an ‘individualist’, because he has a strong personality, sensitive and independent as a typical Australian. Jacob feels uncomfortable in unfamiliar situations as he finds it difficult to understand with Josie’s Italian cultural background, he does not respect and think the traditions should not be maintained. For example, once, Jacob gave a sexual advance to Josie, but she is unwillingness to make love and told Jacob clearly that Italian thinking is more traditional and different to Australian’s. Sexual activity is not by accepted to Italian, but Australian just sees this as a normal practise. By comparison between Jacob Coote and John Barton, they are both Australian, but living in very different attitudes and family. John has weak and low self-image who comes from a well-educated family. Josie admires him and they have a very good relationship, but Josie did not realise that John is very upset as he is under a lot of pressure by his father to become ‘the best prime minster’, therefore, John’s father and people around John have a high expectation of him. As a result, John gets a lot of pressure that he thinks no one would understand him. John’s pressure from unconfident about passing the HSC, forces him to commit suicide. This does upset Josie but it also makes her a lot more resilient too. â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi†, also illustrates many prejudices between rich and poor people, and the racial prejudice. St. Martha is Josie’s school which is â€Å"dominated by white Australian†, high-class and rich people. Children of wealthy migrants accepted because of their wealth, which cause a social discrimination as Josie finds hard to cope in this school with her strong Italian and middle working class family background. The novel shows that although Australia is a multicultural society, but it still has racist problems with people from different culture backgrounds. Melina Marchetta always uses the word â€Å"Wog†, which is an offensive word to coloured skin people especially Italian, which is throughout the whole novel to inspire readers in racist issues. For instant, Ivy comes from high-class Australian family, who is not accept Josie as an Australia, but a completely Italian immigrant with strong Italian culture background. This idea is clearly expressed in these words â€Å"You’re a new Australians wear black a lot don’t you Josephine? â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† emphasises some important cultural, relationship and social and racial prejudices among people from different cultural background. It examines the strength and resilience of Josie to cope with the relationship with family, John Barton’s dead and Jacob Coot’s sexual advance, and the intolerance of Italian traditions by Nonna. This novel makes readers aware of to see the beauty in other culture, because the world has many different cultures, we need to be respect, although there may have something that you may not except. Looking for Alibrandi Essay Example Looking for Alibrandi Essay She feels caught in a claustrophobic trap between family lives obsessed with tradition, a trice disciplined Catholic school and trying to find herself and her position as a teenage girl. Throughout the novel Josses is constantly changing her views on people, and experiences her share of emotional upheaval as she comes to realize that a perfect world consists of more than Just gorgeous hairstyles, rich boyfriends and social privileges. It is a common representation throughout the novel that Josses Librarian is a selfish and egotistical girl whose internal angst and whose conflict with others all stemmed from her expectations that others should conform to meet her deeds. This can be seen In her Interactions with her close family members Christina. Nana and Michael. She also selfish towards her friends John and Jacob. Josses and her mothers relationship Is rocky, this Is shown when Josses attacks her mothers desires to go out on a date. Josses was constantly reminded of her mothers failures and sacrifices she made while raising Josses as a single mother. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Alibrandi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Alibrandi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Looking for Alibrandi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She felt suffocated by this love and rebelled against it believing if she was not allowed happiness and freedom, no one else should find that happiness either. A prime example of Jokes selfishness towards her mothers want and needs can be seen In chapter kneel. Jokes volatile relationship and lack of understanding towards her personal mother and any possible chance of her finding a new partner, is evident when Christina is invited on a date. Upon Josses hearing about the pending date, she shouts hurtful UN-retractable statements. Like when Christina tells Josses she Is going out on a date, straight away Josses comes out with I dont care. She doesnt listen to what the mum says. She argues about everything and doesnt think. Josses verbally attacks Christina who after having enough of all the arguing snaps back Dont you speak In that bad language If you have nothing nice to say, get out. Peg 98 Josses Immediately only thinks of herself and yells Oh. Great. She starts going out with m en on a regular basis and shes ready to kick me out Christina is left confused, wondering what she had done to deserve this. She isnt allowed to have a night off. Josses refuses to understand her position and yells, Screw your understanding. To top the argument off, she yells as her mother was about to leave, l hope die during he night and you regret it for the rest of your life. The maturity Josses had been keen to demonstrate, quickly diminished and was replaced with childish desperation, suddenly grasping at not wanting to be left behind. Whether just for this date or the rest of her life. She did not give any thought for her mothers happiness only her own. Clearly Joules selfishness and lack of respect for her mother Is at Its worst at this point in the book. Sole Allays aggression towards near Tanner, NAS no compassion Ana expects I always conform o her needs. In chapter six, Jokes second encounter with Michael Intranet, she feels as if he disgraced her and her mother. Josses discussed her emotions and they agreed to keep out of each others lives with Josses stating, how dare you think that I want to be in your life! I dont want you anywhere near us Peg 69 and as he promised to do the same, they shook on it. Further along in the book, Josses had to rely on the relationship with her father to avoid a possible lawsuit and her father obliged at short notice and conditions. Michael Intranet showed up at the office, confused about the last time they both talked. He played along with what she needed help sorting out, but when he asked her What did she say to you? Peg 86 her response was Nothing After getting him to leave work and go to her school, after she had agreed to have nothing to do with him, then she doesnt co operate. On top of Josses being very pleased to not have to explain the situation with her mother, she was also aware of her victory in the social playground at school. It wasnt until she needed her dad for something that she was ready to be best buddies and pretend eke everything is k. She expects that as a dad he should drop everything on any circumstances. Nana and Josses have an intense relationship, the culture, generation gap and family curse, igniting many arguments and differences between them. The tense connection between Katie and Josses is a result of Josses being unable to respect her grandmother. Her grandmother was following the stereotypical Italian civilization. This strain is obvious when Josses says Maybe thats what I dislike about Nana referring to her grandmother following traditional Italian culture. Whilst Josses and Nana were having conversation in chapter three Josses fired back mean comments and argued about everything. Well, I guess that means you did a pretty hopeless Job as a mother Peg 37 shows Josses doesnt respect her elders. In a world where imposing a view that illegitimacy is appalling and outrageous, and as a consequence casing Katie, who has lived most of her life by societys rules and sets of laws, feels humiliated of her unlawful grand daughter and consequently causes the relationship between Katie, and Josses to deteriorate. In chapter 25 Josses found out that Nana slept with Marcus Sanford. When she found out, without trying to hear the other side of the situation and giving it any thought on how she was going to tell Nana, she said mirrored a liar. Whilst thinking to herself l wanted to hit her in rage. Later during the one-way argument she had caused she thinks, l was shouting and she was crying, but I was too shocked to care. Jose then gets really angry with out letting it settle in l hate you Not because of my life. But because of my mothers. Im never going to come and visit you again, unless Mama is here. If you complain to her and she forces me to mom here, Ill tell her everything. Peg 218 It wasnt fair to choose sides without hearing the full story and why Nana did what she did. Jokes using the newly found information to benefit herself and gives no thought to how Nana feels hiding this secret (curse) for so long. Jokes relationship with John Barton and Jacob Cote are very important to her in Deterrent ways. Joules near Is torn Detente teem to D n. Seen Delves In tenet own ways, they appear to have it all Jacob Cote does whatever he wants, wears whatever he wants and appears to have no worries in the world. She fails to see past her false perception of their lives to their real feelings. Early in the novel in chapter 5, when Josses Librarian agrees to get a lift from Jacob Cote. The only vehicle in sight is a panel van and she disapproves immediately saying. A panel van? Oh no! Im going home with the wrong guy! Josses is not Cinderella and should stop measuring every guy against prince charming. She is even more shocked when her lift turns out to be a motorbike. In chapter 10 Jacob Cote asked her out but the only way she would agree was if he meets her mum, Jacob said, l dont meet mothers. Josses should have at least understood and been less Judgmental when Jacob rocked up to her front door in his movie clothes. When they were out of mums reach of hearing Josses say, muff occurrence! followed up with How dare you? A little later on Josses ditched Jacob at the cinema without even giving him a chance to explain or letting him know. Jokes expectations were too high and after storming out she thought, A ten-minute date, I thought, as I walked home. I thought seriously of writing to The Guinness Book of Records. Peg 124. She doesnt care about others and of Jacobs circumstance of not having a mother. When she went to see a movie with John Barton and didnt tell Jacob, he ended up seeing them both together and got very angry. She didnt think of how it would have felt for him knowing she likes John. When Jacob Cote asked her if he went out with Iranian to the movies how would she feel, her response was Id be angry. Only thinking of herself and her own needs. The other important male relationship in Jokes life was John Barton, who she dreamed of spending the rest of her life with. John with his upper epsilon life in the spotlight, gorgeous looks, high profile, intelligent and could have anyone he wants. When he took his life Josses concentrated on how she felt betrayed and hurt blaming him for her loneliness. She Believed he had everything, including the world at his feet she could not see that he had serious problems. John felt the only way that he could feel free was to end his life. After Johns death, Josses shows that she still doesnt completely understand that wealth and a high social class doesnt make someone happy. How dare he kill himself when hes never had any worries! Hes not a hog How could somebody with so much going for him do that? (IPPP). Michael explains that social class and wealth has nothing to do with being happy. Instead of being sad for him dying she said, l hate him Hes a bastard. Not thinking of why he did what he did or how people closer to him were feeling, or how was put under a great deal of stress and his parents were pressuring him to be the top of everything. Josses could not relate nor did she try to see that anyone in Johns position could possibly need anything, be scared of find life intimidating. Josses only saw these as problems she faced. In conclusion the main theme in the novel is the search for Jokes identity. Josses felt like she didnt fit in at the beginning and that she wanted to escape her Australian- Italian Docudrama Seen also Tell Seen Llanos unreason near Tamely, causing near to dislike them. Towards the end she is grateful and understands not everything happens her way and turns out the way she planed. She has got her life back on track and started opening up with relationships with her family.

Why I Love Cars †Creative Writing Informal Essay

Why I Love Cars – Creative Writing Informal Essay Free Online Research Papers Why I Love Cars Creative Writing Informal Essay Ever since I was little, I’ve liked cars. Fast cars. Expensive cars. Cars that I wouldn’t be able to afford for decades, much less even see in person. Granted, I grew up around cars, but I was never taught to enjoy them. It was something that I had been around so much, that I grew to love it. As a kid, you would find Road Track magazines and Porsche books and brochures on my shelves and Ferrari posters on my walls. Don’t ask me why cars are my passion, I can’t give you a qualified answer. I do know that my dad’s expensive taste has certainly rubbed off on me. Two of his cars stand out from my childhood, a Cloud White Nissan 300ZX Turbo and a Guards Red Porsche 944. I can remember riding in the Nissan, but not the Porsche. My mom has a picture of me â€Å"helping† my dad wash the Porsche. At the time of the picture I was about two and half. Even though I was far too young to appreciate the marvel of engineering that lay before me, I was happy and enjoying myself. I was probably more fascinated by the soap bubbles rather than the sexy sheet metal though. My first car was a Volkswagen Jetta. It was no road going race car, but I loved it anyway. Sure, I could talk all day about cars I didn’t own, but at the time I couldn’t change the oil on the car I did own. So began my learning about Volkswagens. In my case, experience was the best teacher. Eventually it came time to change brake pads. With all of my tools and parts gathered, I set off to the garage to get to work. In theory, the brake job should have been completed without any trouble. Not so fast. As tools are wont to do when needed most, my piston compressor gizmo went AWOL. After quickly scouring the immediate area, I realized that if I didn’t figure something out, I wasn’t going to be doing much driving that weekend. Resolve and determination firmly engaged, I cobbled together a substitute device. With the power of C clamps, blocks of wood, foul language, and elbow grease, I finished the job. Two hours behind schedule. Not only was it a pain in the ass, it was a pain in the ass I enjoyed. Enter stage left, my younger brother ready to inherit my Jetta. Enter stage right, my replacement, a Volkswagen GTi 337 Edition. Halleluiah. It was actually quick enough to get out of its own way and didn’t feel like it was riding on a block of Jello. It was my new favorite toy, my new baby. I would spend hours washing and waxing it only to have it dirtied by two trips up and down my limestone driveway. I didn’t mind, I got to spend quality time with something I loved. I would become the giddy little kid with the Porsche again. Then it was wrecked. A woman in a tank of Buick didn’t yield on a turn for me. She raked down the entire driver’s side of the car. Needless to say, I was fuming. I’ll forego the graphic description of the events that followed. A fender, door, rear quarter panel, two wheels, and three months later I got it back. I wasn’t impressed. My 337 Edition, one of 1500 produced, would never be like its brethren. I was certainly not happy about the whole thing, but after awhile I cooled off. The car and I had shared an experience together. We learned how to deal with insurance agencies and body shops together. However nonsensical it sounds, after spending so much time and money on the car, I couldn’t help but feel a bond with it. Research Papers on Why I Love Cars - Creative Writing Informal EssayThe Fifth HorsemanTrailblazing by Eric AndersonBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTwilight of the UAWPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West MeetCapital PunishmentThe Hockey Game

Misevaluation Affects the Failure of Merger and Acquisition Activities Dissertation

Misevaluation Affects the Failure of Merger and Acquisition Activities - Dissertation Example The literature review chapter highlighted the ideas, views and opinions of different academicians and researchers along with discussing them at length. The literature review illustrated that mergers and acquisitions are often driven by misevaluation that leads to the failure in the long term as the market corrects the misevaluation. Moreover, mergers and acquisitions are driven by managerial optimism that leads to the failure in the long term. A detailed approach has been presented in the chapter that also covers other elements affecting the result of mergers and acquisitions in the business environment. The research methodology chapter is based on secondary research method and case study approach that covers information on the merger of Time Warner and AOL. The study highlighted the reasons of failure along with stating the role of the management and other factors. Overall, the center of discussion was restricted to the impact of misevaluation in mergers and acquisitions. The finding and analysis chapter is based on the findings of the case study along with relating them to the literature review in a logical manner. The last chapter concludes the entire research by stating its strengths, limitations, results and outcomes in a descriptive and analytical manner. Every journey starts with a single idea and enthusiasm that makes the journey an experience. The research journey stated with an idea that took desired shape with the help, support and cooperation of many people. The researcher would like to thank his professor and supervisor†¦. for guiding him in the right direction through motivation and profound knowledge. His ideas often motivated the researcher making him achieve the proposed aim and objectives of the research. His continuous guidance and feedback helped in understanding the intricacies of the research topic along with gaining a new perspective through a thorough understanding of the subject matter. The researcher would also like to thank the University for offering all kind of support in terms of access to library and free access to professors that made the research an easy task. The role

Who rules the internet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Who rules the internet - Assignment Example The other view was that as it is inherent part of telecom, government control must be exercised. The major stakeholders were the 193 member states of the United Nations. Other stakeholders were private business, corporate world and the society at large. The Western group, led by United States, United Kingdom and Canada along with 55 other countries had opposed the draft treaty. They asserted that in the last 24 years, without UN regulation, internet has hugely benefitted society, giving significant economic boost to the global business and world economy. Thus, cyberspace and internet should not be controlled by individual states and its standards should be set by the private companies, citizens and the communities. The second group, comprising of China, Russia and some Gulf countries wanted greater control over internet as it uses telecom services and without regulation and rules, it could be misused by vested interests. In order to address the issues of the scenario, the team would have to look at the various perspectives of the internet and how individual states exercise control over it. It needs to conduct survey of the citizen groups across the world for their opinion on the issue raised during the conference. This would help the team to understand how internet promotes freedom of speech and how cyberspace maintains its own set of standards. The survey would also help establish the view of the majority and help understand how the individual states or the governments ensure that cyberspace complies with their laws. This would provide greater transparency to the existing checks and controls on internet which could then be used as fundamental plank to get consensus on widely used checks and control to restrict world wise misuse of the internet by vested interests. The two groups need to develop wider perspectives to

Reflection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

Reflection - Assignment Example The feeling was great because participating in a worthy cause of raising funds to cater for children’s health concerns is good. My thought is that more funds need to be raised by conducting regular walks to cater for research activities by the children’s hospital. My reaction was positive since the event was a platform to get to touch a child’s heart especially those from poor backgrounds who cannot afford expensive medical bills (Voelker 12). The walk was quite a success; however, the experience from it is what is vital. I noticed that few families participated. Instead, it was only school children. Parents should be encouraged to participate more. The event is also supposed to be expanded to other areas in order to raise more funds. Most important is for accountability of these funds to ensure it benefits the children from poor backgrounds. The funds should go into projects that aim to ensure all children access affordable quality healthcare. Questions that need to be considered include: was the event a success? What improvements need to be done? What impact has the awareness created and how are the funds going to be used? A number of nurses participated in the event. The experience from a professional nurse’s perspective was a constructive one. Nurses need to envision becoming caring so as to improve the health of the children. They have to carry out their duties with high standards of dedication through nursing research, evidence objective practice and high quality of nursing care to the kids. The nurses must place the needs of the kids and their families fast by ensuring they are responsible, excellent, and innovative enough and practice with respect and dignity (Voelker

United States vs Antoine Jones Supreme Court Essay

United States vs Antoine Jones Supreme Court Essay On November 18, 2011, charges was bought against Antoine Jones for possession of drug trafficking. The case was the Supreme Court of the United States, No. 10-1259, Citation 565 U.S 132 s. Ct. 945, 181 L. Ed 2d 911; United States, petitioner v. Antoine Jones. All 9 parties of the Supreme Court were present for the trail as well as the plaintiffs which were the law enforcements along with Deputy Michael R. Dreeben and the defendant Antoine Jones. Each party hand a chance to deliberate their opinions and stating their case against Antoine Jones. This case was not only bought into court just for Mr. Joness cocaine distribution but for authorities violating Antoine Jones Fourth Amendment rights by planting a GPS device on Joness vehicle without his consent. The law requires that a warrant must be obtained before law enforcements can attach anything to an individuals private property with consent. Authorities did not have a warrant to affix a GPS device to Antoine Joness vehicle nor did t hey obtain Joness permission. Antoine Jones was a proprietor of a club when authorities put him under surveillance because they suspect that Jones was distributing cocaine. Through various investigations, law enforcement was given a warrant to implant a tracking device on Joness vehicle. The vehicle belongs to Joness wife; however he was listed as a driver. Authorities were given 10 days from the date the warrant was received to plant the device on the vehicle in the District of Columbia. However, law enforcement decided to attach the device on the 11th day in Maryland which was out of the warrant grace period as well as in another district. Experts fixated the device on the base of the vehicle while it was parked in Joness opened garage to track its movement.[1] The vehicle was followed up to 100ft allowing authorities to generate multiple data for a period of 28 days. Law enforcement were able to gain enough evidence to obtain an arraignment against Antoine Jones for possession of drug trafficking. The controversy in this case is that Joness Fourth Amendment right was violated because a GPS tracking device was installed on his wife vehicle without their permission or consent. It was also the fact that weather or not the evidence that was retrieved when law enforcement illegally attached a tracking device to the vehicle could be used to convict Jones on drug charges who was sentence to life in prison. According to the Fourth Amendment citizens have the right to be secure in their houses, papers and effects against an reasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated an no warrants shall be issue, but upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched and person or thing to be seized.[2] The United States district court for the District of Columbia is where the case first started. From there it went to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. After being trialed in the District of Columbia court of Appeals, in August of 2010 it went to the United States Supreme Court. The District of Columbia had original jurisdiction in the case and first trailed Jones in 2006 where the jury returned with a guilty verdict on one count of conspiracy to distribute and possession with the intent to distribute 5 or more kg of cocaine and 50 more grams of cocaine base. The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia ruled out Joness conviction because the data that was transmitted from the device that was implanted on Joness vehicle was not submersible in court due to the protection of the Fourth Amendment rights. The Supreme Court of the United States proceeded with the case in 2011 where a verdict was received in January 2012. The Supreme Court voted unanimously and the judge expelled the case and ruled the case as a violation of the Fourth Amendment. Authorities broke the law by trespassing on private property and planting a tracking device without a valet warrant or consent. On January 23, 2012 the Supreme Court held that the Governments installation of a GPS device on a person vehicle and its use of that device to monitor the vehicles movement constitute a search under the Fourth Amendment.[3] The majority argued that putting a GPS device on private property would be considered trespassing on private property and that it constitutes Joness Fourth Amendment rights. The minority argued that the Fourth amendment was not violated in that particular situation because Jones was under suspicion of drug trafficking and they had the right to install a GPS device on Joness vehicle. They argue the fourth Amendment can be breached under certain circumstances and situations. The minority concurred in the judgment bu t criticized the framing of the question in terms of trespass to property and believed that such a construction of the problem strained the language of the Fourth Amendment and that it would be better to analyze the case by determining whether the Government violated Jones reasonable expectations of privacy.[4] The Supreme Court decision was reach by analyzing and researching the Fourth Amendment and basing their findings on the fact that authorities should not rely on technology and should not neglect the citizens of the United States rights of the Fourth Amendment when its concerning the use of a warrant and trespassing. These findings was also based on the property base analysis and the cases of Katz v. U.S and that the Government key tracking cases, U.S. v. Knotts as well as U.S. v. Karo. Those analysis states that it does not foreclose the more expansive reasonable expectation for privacy and the Governments key tracking cases were inapplicable and thus not controlling.[5] The rulings of the court may have effect on some Americans because some may agree that even without a tracking device law enforcements can still follow you and put you under surveillance without you knowing. The recognition the Supreme Court display for this case has secured each citizen by protecting the Fourth Amendment. It has allowed authorities to understand and recognize that they cannot get around the Constitutions Fourth Amendment by using technology to search an individuals property without a proper warrant. The Courts resolution emphasized the importance of the verifiable purpose and objective of the Fourth Amendment rights. It has prompted society that the privacy law was fused into the Constitution of the United States to secure the citizens against government trespasses against law enforcement or others and their private property. I believe that the rulings did not affect the interpretation and enforcement of any particular law. References Brittany Boatman, United States v. Jones: The Foolish revival of the Trespass Doctrine in Addressing GPS Technology and the Fourth Amendment, http://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2292context=vulr (last visited May 20, 2017). https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_States_of_America_1992 (last visited Mar 20, 2017). United States v. Jones (2012) https://en.wikipedia.org/w/indes.php?title=Uniteds_States_Jones(2012)oldid=770405758 (last visited mar. 20, 2017) United States v. Jones, Oyez, https://www.oyez.org/cases/2011/10-1259 (last visited Mar 20, 2017). United States v. Jones Concerning Warrantless GPS installation and Tracking Under the Fourth Amendment, United States v. Jones Concerning Warrantless GPS installation and Tracking Under the Fourth Amendment, http://epic.org/amicus/jones/ (last visited Mar 20, 2017). [1] Brittany Boatman, United States v. Jones: The Foolish revival of the Trespass Doctrine in Addressing GPS Technology and the Fourth Amendment, http://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2292context=vulr (last visited May 20, 2017). [2] https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/United_States_of_America_1992 (last visited Mar 20, 2017). [3] United States v. Jones (2012) https://en.wikipedia.org/w/indes.php?title=Uniteds_States_Jones(2012)oldid=770405758 (last visited mar. 20, 2017) [4] United States v. Jones, Oyez, https://www.oyez.org/cases/2011/10-1259 (last visited Mar 20, 2017). [5] United States v. Jones Concerning Warrantless GPS installation and Tracking Under the Fourth Amendment, United States v. Jones Concerning Warrantless GPS installation and Tracking Under the Fourth Amendment, http://epic.org/amicus/jones/ (last visited Mar 20, 2017).

Lab 2.6.2: Using Wireshark

Lab 2. 6. 2: Using Wiresharkâ„ ¢ to View Protocol Data Units Learning Objectives †¢ Be able to explain the purpose of a protocol analyzer (Wireshark). †¢ Be able to perform basic PDU capture using Wireshark. †¢ Be able to perform basic PDU analysis on straightforward network data traffic. †¢ Experiment with Wireshark features and options such as PDU capture and display filtering. Background Wireshark is a software protocol analyzer, or â€Å"packet sniffer† application, used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and protocol development, and education. Before June 2006, Wireshark was known as Ethereal.A packet sniffer (also known as a network analyzer or protocol analyzer) is computer software that can intercept and log data traffic passing over a data network. As data streams travel back and forth over the network, the sniffer â€Å"captures† each protocol data unit (PDU) and can decode and analyze its content according to the appropria te RFC or other specifications. Wireshark is programmed to recognize the structure of different network protocols. This enables it to display the encapsulation and individual fields of a PDU and interpret their meaning.It is a useful tool for anyone working with networks and can be used with most labs in the CCNA courses for data analysis and troubleshooting. For information and to download the program go to – http://www. Wireshark. org Scenario To capture PDUs the computer on which Wireshark is installed must have a working connection to the network and Wireshark must be running before any data can be captured. When Wireshark is launched, the screen below is displayed. [pic] To start data capture it is first necessary to go to the Capture menu and select the Options choice.The Options dialog provides a range of settings and filters which determines which and how much data traffic is captured. [pic] First, it is necessary to ensure that Wireshark is set to monitor the correct interface. From the Interface drop down list, select the network adapter in use. Typically, for a computer this will be the connected Ethernet Adapter. Then other Options can be set. Among those available in Capture Options, the two highlighted below are worth examination. [pic] Setting Wireshark to capture packets in promiscuous modeIf this feature is NOT checked, only PDUs destined for this computer will be captured. If this feature is checked, all PDUs destined for this computer AND all those detected by the computer NIC on the same network segment (i. e. , those that â€Å"pass by† the NIC but are not destined for the computer) are captured. Note: The capturing of these other PDUs depends on the intermediary device connecting the end device computers on this network. As you use different intermediary devices (hubs, switches, routers) throughout these courses, you will experience the different Wireshark results.Setting Wireshark for network name resolution This option all ows you to control whether or not Wireshark translates network addresses found in PDUs into names. Although this is a useful feature, the name resolution process may add extra PDUs to your captured data perhaps distorting the analysis. There are also a number of other capture filtering and process settings available. Clicking on the Start button starts the data capture process and a message box displays the progress of this process. [pic] As data PDUs are captured, the types and number are indicated in the message box pic][pic] The examples above show the capture of a ping process and then accessing a web page. When the Stop button is clicked, the capture process is terminated and the main screen is displayed. This main display window of Wireshark has three panes. [pic] The PDU (or Packet) List Pane at the top of the diagram displays a summary of each packet captured. By clicking on packets in this pane, you control what is displayed in the other two panes. The PDU (or Packet) Detai ls Pane in the middle of the diagram displays the packet selected in the Packet List Pane in more detail.The PDU (or Packet) Bytes Pane at the bottom of the diagram displays the actual data (in hexadecimal form representing the actual binary) from the packet selected in the Packet List Pane, and highlights the field selected in the Packet Details Pane. Each line in the Packet List corresponds to one PDU or packet of the captured data. If you select a line in this pane, more details will be displayed in the â€Å"Packet Details† and â€Å"Packet Bytes† panes. The example above shows the PDUs captured when the ping utility was used and http://www. Wireshark. org was accessed. Packet number 1 is selected in this pane.The Packet Details pane shows the current packet (selected in the â€Å"Packet List† pane) in a more detailed form. This pane shows the protocols and protocol fields of the selected packet. The protocols and fields of the packet are displayed using a t ree, which can be expanded and collapsed. The Packet Bytes pane shows the data of the current packet (selected in the â€Å"Packet List† pane) in what is known as â€Å"hexdump† style. In this lab, this pane will not be examined in detail. However, when a more in-depth analysis is required this displayed information is useful for examining the binary values and content of PDUs.The information captured for the data PDUs can be saved in a file. This file can then be opened in Wireshark for analysis some time in the future without the need to re-capture the same data traffic again. The information displayed when a capture file is opened is the same as the original capture. When closing a data capture screen or exiting Wireshark you are prompted to save the captured PDUs. [pic] Clicking on Continue without Saving closes the file or exits Wireshark without saving the displayed captured data. Task 1: Ping PDU CaptureStep 1: After ensuring that the standard lab topology and c onfiguration is correct, launch Wireshark on a computer in a lab pod. Set the Capture Options as described above in the overview and start the capture process. From the command line of the computer, ping the IP address of another network connected and powered on end device on in the lab topology. In this case, ping the Eagle Server at using the command ping 192. 168. 254. 254. After receiving the successful replies to the ping in the command line window, stop the packet capture. Step 2: Examine the Packet List pane.The Packet List pane on Wireshark should now look something like this: [pic] Look at the packets listed above; we are interested in packet numbers 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14 and 15. Locate the equivalent packets on the packet list on your computer. If you performed Step 1A above match the messages displayed in the command line window when the ping was issued with the six packets captured by Wireshark. From the Wireshark Packet List answer the following: What protocol is used by ping? _icmp_____________________________ What is the full protocol name? _____________________________ What are the names of the two ping messages? __echo ping requet, echo ping reply _____________________________________________________________________ Are the listed source and destination IP addresses what you expected? Yes / No Why? _no. frst time using wireshark. Results are amazing______________________ Step 3: Select (highlight) the first echo request packet on the list with the mouse. The Packet Detail pane will now display something similar to: [pic] Click on each of the four â€Å"+† to expand the information.The packet Detail Pane will now be similar to: [pic] As you can see, the details for each section and protocol can be expanded further. Spend some time scrolling through this information. At this stage of the course, you may not fully understand the information displayed but make a note of the information you do recognize. Locate the two different types of â €˜Source† and â€Å"Destination†. Why are there two types? __________________________________________________________________ What protocols are in the Ethernet frame? ____________________________________________________________As you select a line in the Packets Detail pane all or part of the information in the Packet Bytes pane also becomes highlighted. For example, if the second line (+ Ethernet II) is highlighted in the Details pane the Bytes pane now highlights the corresponding values. [pic] This shows the particular binary values that represent that information in the PDU. At this stage of the course, it is not necessary to understand this information in detail. Step 4: Go to the File menu and select Close. Click on Continue without Saving when this message box appears. [pic]Task 2: FTP PDU Capture Step 1: Start packet capture. Assuming Wireshark is still running from the previous steps, start packet capture by clicking on the Start option on the Capture menu of Wireshark. At the command line on your computer running Wireshark, enter ftp 192. 168. 254. 254 When the connection is established, enter anonymous as the user without a password. Userid: anonymous Password: You may alternatively use login with userid cisco and with password cisco. When successfully logged in enter get /pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe and press the enter key .This will start downloading the file from the ftp server. The output will look similar to: C:Documents and Settingsccna1>ftp eagle-server. example. com Connected to eagle-server. example. com. 220 Welcome to the eagle-server FTP service. User (eagle-server. example. com:(none)): anonymous 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. ftp> get /pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for pub/eagle_labs/eagle1/chapter1/gaim-1. 5. 0. exe (6967072 bytes). 26 File send OK. ftp: 69 67072 bytes received in 0. 59Seconds 11729. 08Kbytes/sec. When the file download is complete enter quit ftp> quit 221 Goodbye. C:Documents and Settingsccna1> When the file has successfully downloaded, stop the PDU capture in Wireshark. Step 2: Increase the size of the Wireshark Packet List pane and scroll through the PDUs listed. Locate and note those PDUs associated with the file download. These will be the PDUs from the Layer 4 protocol TCP and the Layer 7 protocol FTP. Identify the three groups of PDUs associated with the file transfer.If you performed the step above, match the packets with the messages and prompts in the FTP command line window. The first group is associated with the â€Å"connection† phase and logging into the server. List examples of messages exchanged in this phase. ___________________________________________________________________ Locate and list examples of messages exchanged in the second phase that is the actual download request and the data trans fer. __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________The third group of PDUs relate to logging out and â€Å"breaking the connection†. List examples of messages exchanged during this process. __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Locate recurring TCP exchanges throughout the FTP process. What feature of TCP does this indicate? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Step 3: Examine Packet Details. Select (highlight) a packet on the list associated with the first phase of the FTP process.View the packet details in the Details pane. What are the protocols encapsulated in the frame? ___________________________________________________________________ Highlight the packets containing the user name and passw ord. Examine the highlighted portion in the Packet Byte pane. What does this say about the security of this FTP login process? ___________________________________________________________________ Highlight a packet associated with the second phase. From any pane, locate the packet containing the file name. The filename is: ______________________________Highlight a packet containing the actual file content – note the plain text visible in the Byte pane. Highlight and examine, in the Details and Byte panes, some packets exchanged in the third phase of the file download. What features distinguish the content of these packets? ___________________________________________________________________ When finished, close the Wireshark file and continue without saving Task 3: HTTP PDU Capture Step 1: Start packet capture. Assuming Wireshark is still running from the previous steps, start packet capture by clicking on the Start option on the Capture menu of Wireshark.Note: Capture Options do not have to be set if continuing from previous steps of this lab. Launch a web browser on the computer that is running Wireshark. Enter the URL of the Eagle Server of example. com or enter the IP address-192. 168. 254. 254. When the webpage has fully downloaded, stop the Wireshark packet capture. Step 2: Increase the size of the Wireshark Packet List pane and scroll through the PDUs listed. Locate and identify the TCP and HTTP packets associated with the webpage download. Note the similarity between this message exchange and the FTP exchange.Step 3: In the Packet List pane, highlight an HTTP packet that has the notation â€Å"(text/html)† in the Info column. In the Packet Detail pane click on the â€Å"+† next to â€Å"Line-based text data: html† When this information expands what is displayed? ___________________________________________________________________ Examine the highlighted portion of the Byte Panel. This shows the HTML data carried by the packet. When finished close the Wireshark file and continue without saving Task 4: Reflection Consider the encapsulation information pertaining to captured network data Wireshark can provide.Relate this to the OSI and TCP/IP layer models. It is important that you can recognize and link both the protocols represented and the protocol layer and encapsulation types of the models with the information provided by Wireshark. Task 5: Challenge Discuss how you could use a protocol analyzer such as Wireshark to: (1)Troubleshoot the failure of a webpage to download successfully to a browser on a computer. and (2)Identify data traffic on a network that is requested by users. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ ________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Task 6: Cleanup Unless instructed otherwise by your instructor, exit Wireshark and properly shutdown the computer. ———————– Packet List Pane Packet Details Pane Packets Bytes Pane

Consumer Buying Behaviour on Soft Drinks Essay

What influences consumers to purchase products or services? The consumer buying process is a complex matter as many internal and external factors have an impact on the buying decisions of the consumer. When purchasing a product there several processes, which consumers go through. These will be discussed below. 1. Problem/Need Recognition How do you decide you want to buy a particular product or service? It could be that your DVD player stops working and you now have to look for a new one, all those DVD films you purchased you can no longer play! So you have a problem or a new need. For high value items like a DVD player or a car or other low frequency purchased products this is the process we would take. However, for impulse low frequency purchases e. g. confectionery the process is different. 2. Information search So we have a problem, our DVD player no longer works and we need to buy a new one. What’s the solution? Yes go out and purchase a new one, but which brand? Shall we buy the same brand as the one that blew up? Or stay clear of that? Consumer often go on some form of information search to help them through their purchase decision. Sources of information could be family, friends, neighbours who may have the product you have in mind, alternatively you may ask the sales people, or dealers, or read specialist magazines like What DVD? to help with their purchase decision. You may even actually examine the product before you decide to purchase it. 3. Evaluation of different purchase options So what DVD player do we purchase? Shall it be Sony, Toshiba or Bush? Consumers allocate attribute factors to certain products, almost like a point scoring system which they work out in their mind over which brand to purchase. This means that consumers know what features from the rivals will benefit them and they attach different degrees of importance to each attribute. For example sound maybe better on the Sony product and picture on the Toshiba , but picture clarity is more important to you then sound. Consumers usually have some sort of brand preference with companies as they may have had a good history with a particular brand or their friends may have had a reliable history with one, but if the decision falls between the Sony DVD or Toshiba then which one shall it be? It could be that the a review the consumer reads on the particular Toshiba product may have tipped the balance and that they will purchase that brand. 4. Purchase decision Through the evaluation process discussed above consumers will reach their final purchase decision and they reach the final process of going through the purchase action e. g. The process of going to the shop to buy the product, which for some consumers can be as just as rewarding as actually purchasing the product. Purchase of the product can either be through the store, the web, or over the phone. 5. Post Purchase Behaviour. Ever have doubts about the product after you purchased it? This simply is post purchase behaviour and research shows that it is a common trait amongst purchasers of products. Manufacturers of products clearly want recent consumers to feel proud of their purchase, it is therefore just as important for manufacturers to advertise for the sake of their recent purchaser so consumers feel comfortable that they own a product from a strong and reputable organisation. This limits post purchase behaviour. i. e. You feel reassured that you own the latest advertised product. OBJECTIVES. * To understand the major factors influencing consumer buying behavior. * To know and recognize the types of buying decision behavior. * To understand the stages In the buying decision process. NEED OF THE STUDY * To understand why consumer make the purchases that they make SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS Scope of the study The scope of the study is to get the first hand knowledge about the buying behavior of consumers towards different brands of Soft drinks in VVISM students. The scope is restricted to study the factors affecting the preference of consumers while choosing a soft drink in VVISM college students. This is done to avoid perceptual bias and for providing objectivity to the study. Limitations of the study Sincere efforts have been made to collect authentic and reliable information from respondents, however the report is subject to following limitations: * Some respondents were reluctant to give the information, so their responses may be biased. * Time could be a major limitation as it may have affected the inferences drawn in the study. Only 20 respondents have been contacted due to time constraint. * Sample may not be the true representative of the universe. * Study was conducted in VVISM, Hyderabad only. So the results of the study may not be applicable in other areas. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE REVIEW OF LITERATURE SUMMARY OF 10 ARTICLES 1. Consumer buying behavior and market segmentation(By Rabbitat) According to the marketing guru Phillip Kotler, a human need is defined as a state of felt deprivation. A human want on the other hand is a need shaped by the individuals culture and society. Understanding what consumers need and how these needs can be made into wants is what effective marketing is all about! For instance a customer need may be thirst, and any drink such as a bottle of water could satisfy this need. However at the point of purchase effective marketing determines what the customer will want to purchase in order to quench their thirst. For example a good advertisement for coke could steer the customer away from the bottled water section and towards the fizzy drinks. On the other hand an effective ad for ice lollies, an indirect competitor, could steer the consumer away from the fizzy drinks. Therefore the more effective the marketing, the easier it will be to get the cash out of the customers hand! It is then obvious that Marketing is all about understanding consumer needs and steering the customer toward Your product by creating certain wants in the minds of the customer. To do this marketers should be aware of the consumer buying behavior process: Buyer recognition: the consumer has to realize there is a problem or need that needs to be fulfilled. The effective marketer will identify there is a difference between the actual state of the consumer and the desired state, and try to fulfill this state of deprivation. Information search: in this stage the buyer considers all the alternatives present. For instance, according to the example above, the customer would look at all thirst quenchers such as fizzy drinks, bottled water, juices and ice lollies. The most information a customer gains about alternatives is through commercial sources, such as advertisements and campaigns. However information about intangible products in the service industry would mostly come from personal experience or experience from others. Evaluation of alternatives: this is where all the information is gathered and evaluated to help make the purchasing decision. These three stages are important, for marketers to understand consumer behavior and what influences purchasing of a certain product category and brand. Purchase decision: this is the stage where purchasing of the most preferred alternative takes place. However the product category, brand, reseller, timing and quantity all play a role in the purchase decision. Post purchase decision: good marketers maintain a good relationship with the customer even after the purchase has been made. This is to reduce any chance of cognitive dissonance that the customer may experience with the product. To reduce the negative effects of customer cognitive dissonance, good after sales services could be provided along with effective advertising. This will attract more customers via word of mouth and generate repeat purchases. 2. Break the Resistance of Consumer Buying Behavior(By Darrell Zahorsky) Buyers today are a fickle group. Who’s to blame them? Bombarded with an endless selection of products and services, making a good purchase decision isn’t easy. What can your small business do when your potential buyers won’t buy? 5 Stages of Consumer Buying Behavior 1. Need Awareness: The beginning point of most purchasing is your potential buyer recognition of a need in their life. This need can be established by encountering a problem or prompted by a company’s marketing. 2. Information Search: With the rise of the Internet, it has never been easier for buyers to research their purchase. Make sure your small business is in the game by providing educational material on your website. 3. Check Options: After an information search, the customer will evaluate all the available options. Options include wanted features, pricing, and company credibility. 4. Purchase Decision: This is the moment when the customer wants to buy. Deals are easily lost when you keep selling to the customer. There’s an old adage in sales, when the customer says, â€Å"I’ll take it,† keep your mouth closed, and close the deal. 5. Post Buying Behavior: An overlooked piece of consumer buying behavior is what occurs after the purchase. The buyer will look for reinforcement from media, friends, and other sources confirming they made the right decision. Cognitive dissonance or â€Å"buyer’s remorse† happens when the buyer begins to feel the purchase wasn’t right for them. 3. Simple Purchases Aren’t Always so Simple(By S.L. O Brien) Purchasing decisions include many factors that most consumers are not even aware of. Five steps are involved in nearly every purchase made: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase Decision and finally post purchase behavior. even the simpler purchases can include any or all of these steps. Purchases are further influenced by such things as personal psychological and social issues. A good market researcher will study the thought process undergone by consumer, compare it with their demographic data and use the resulting information to market their products. Simple purchases aren’t always so simple 4. Nowhere to hide: buyer behavior in a connected world(By Paul Gibler) Window shopping isn’t dead, it has simply moved into a different dimension. This is a dimension where your business has â€Å"nowhere to hide† or can be â€Å"completely hidden† given the power of the Internet. Your business, be it a manufacturer, supplier or retailer needs to understand the changing nature of buyer behavior facilitated by the Internet. Whether buying through a virtual, real or multi-channel storefront, the options consumers use to learn about products, compare products, or shop prices have multiplied exponentially. The greater transparency created by these tools has made it critical that you understand and incorporate them into your business and marketing plans. Before the days of the Internet, buyer behavior often focused on word of mouth recommendations and feedback; in-store questioning; listening to, watching or reviewing ads; or reading print reviews in vertical publications or from multi-line authorities like Consumer’s Report. Today, the options for information search and product comparisons have multiplied beyond consumer’s processing ability. While this creates an opportunity for high service marketers with high touch products it has also generated the need to understand how consumers are behaving in their product purchasing activities. Consumers are continuing to look for ways to stretch their dollar while getting the best quality product that satisfies their needs. This has led them into â€Å"brick and mortar† stores like Costco, Wal-Mart, Aldi and Trader Joes to buy their food and staples; but it has also led them online for more complex purchases. 5. Consumer Buying Behavior and Manipulation(By Lance Winslow). We all know there are ways that that businesses use to manipulate our buying behavior to get us to buy more. We know there are many techniques and other stimuli, which affect us and we know that they are often employed in businesses. Generally we accept this even we actually stop to think about it. We probably determine that it is inappropriate and somewhat unfair. Yet we all participate in the impulse shopping and it seems to make us feel good to buy things,as a reward for our labours,with the money we have made. Certain music in stores will assist in helping retailers sell more. Certain room temperature at retailers,book stores,cofeeshops will increase impulse buying,which are generally amongst the highest priced items and definitely the highest profit items. 6. The Importance of Changing Customer Buying Behavior(By Stephen Diorio) The broad-scale adoption of new technologies has empowered consumers in previously unimagined ways. As a result, customer buying behavior is adapting to these new technological advances so rapidly that marketers sometimes cannot keep pace. Web sales are growing faster than catalog and store sales. Most direct marketers are now at least experimenting with online transactions. In the last year, for example, Lands’ End experienced 300 percent growth in e-sales while paper catalog sales growth slowed to 10 percent and margins shrank. 7. Types of Buying Decision Behavior(By Raja Vikram) Buying decision differs from person to person. Depending upon the need of the person,the decision gets changed. Various types of buying behavior are : Complex buying behaviour : This situation involves the high level of involvement from consumers and the same with the difference among brands. Dissonance reducing behavior : This involves high involvement of the buyer but a less significance difference among the brands. Habitual buying behavior : Here,there will not be any kind from the customer. Here the purchase happens depending upon the brand familiarity. Variety seeking buying behavior : Here the customer involvement is low but there will be significant difference among brands. 8. Characteristic Affecting Consumer Purchase Behavior(By Dhanan Sarwo utomo) People buy different products from different brand to satisfy their need. Consumer purchases are influenced strongly by cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristic . although marketers cannot control such factors , they must give attention to them. Marketers are always trying to spot cultural shifts in order to discover new product that might be wanted. For example the shift toward informality has resulted more demand for casual clothing and simpler fashionable products. 9. Consumer shopping behavior:How much do consumer save? (By Rachel Griffith) This paper documents the potential and actual savings that consumers realize from four particular types of purchasing behavior: purchasing on sale; buying in bulk (at a lower per unit price); buying generic brands; and choosing outlets. How much can and do households save through each of these behaviors? How do these patterns vary with consumer demographics? We use data collected by a marketing firm on all food purchases brought into the home for a large, nationally representative sample of U. K. households in 2006. We are interested in how consumer choice affects the measurement of price changes. In particular, a standard price index based on a fixed basket of goods will overstate the rise in the true cost of living because it does not properly consider sales and bulk purchasing. According to our measures, the extent of this bias might be of the same or even greater magnitude than the better-known substitution and outlet biases. 10. Indian consumer will seek value(By Arvind Singhal) Some of the trends listed below may look contradictory but then, at this time, the Indian consumer, especially the urban, middle income, and relatively young segment (and this classification will probably cover about 200 million individuals) is showing some seemingly contradictory buying behaviour. * Consumers will move beyond basic needs to discretionary spending. * They will seek value in products that serve basic needs such as food and grocery. * The definition of value will be different for different products. For instance, they will seek the lowest price for products that serve basic needs, whereas in others the determinants will range from aspiration to convenience to brand name. * There will be more visible consumption for products having bling value and consumers will continue to pay a premium for them. * We will see rise in indulgence with more desire for enjoyment and experience. * Consumers will seek more instant gratification. * We will also see the culture of throughout-the-year consumption rather than festival- or occasion-led spendings in the past. * We will see increasing fear of being ordinary. Consumers would want to be extraordinary though still within current social norms. * Consumers will get more conscious about their health and well being. * They will begin getting concerned with the surrounding environment—including nature, society, politics and public policy CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY SOURCE AND TYPE OF DATA COLLECTION 1 Primary Data Primary data is that data which is collected for the first time. It is original in nature in the shape of raw material. For the purpose of collection of primary data, a well structured questionnaire was framed which was filled by the respondents. The questionnaire comprises of close ended as well as open ended questions. In close ended questions dichotomous, ranking, checklist questions and multiple choice questions are used. 2 Secondary Data Secondary data is the data which is already collected by someone. They are secondary in nature and are in shape of finished product. Secondary data was collected so as to have accurate results. Required data was collected from various books, magazines, journals and internet. SAMPLING DESIGN Sampling refers to selecting some of the elements in a population by which one can draw conclusions about the entire population. 1 Universe Universe is the infinite number of elements which the researcher is targeting in his study. Since the study is restricted to VVISM students only the universe for the study consists of all the soft drink consumers in VVISM . 2 Population Population is finite number of elements which the researcher is going to target in particular area. All the soft drink consumer students in VVISM college form the population for the study. 3 Sampling Unit Sampling Unit is the single unit of the population. A single individual who consume soft drink form the sampling unit of the study. 4 Extent Extent refers to the geographical area where there is a scope of population. The extent of the study is VVISM,Hyderabad. 5 Sampling Technique The selection of the respondents was done on the basis of convenience technique based on the non probability method of sampling. 6 Sample size Sample size is the size of sample drawn from the population which is the true representative of the research. The number of respondents included in the study was 50 for convenience in evaluating and analyzing the data and because of time constraint. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT Questionnaire This instrument is more popular. The questionnaire is sent to the person concerned to answer the questions formatted and return the same soon. A questionnaire consist of a number of questions printed and typed in definite order on a form or set of forms. The questionnaire is sent to the respondents. In order to achieve the research objectives it is necessary to collect accurate and relevant data,secondary data are already published data collected for purposed other than specific research needs at hand. Primary data that are collected specifically for the research situation at hand,were collected by surveys using respondents surveys is one of the ways of collecting primary data namely observations,experiments and surveys. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS DETAILS QUESTIONNAIRE Q 1. Do you like to have soft drinks? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 42| 8| Q 2. Do you think that soft drinks that are available in the market are harmful for your health ? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 29| 21| Q 3. Do you think that soft drinks are good for refreshment? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 37| 13| Q 4. Which is your favourite flavour? a. Cola b. Orange c. Mango d. Lemon e. Others Cola| Orange| Mango| Lemon| Others| 26| 10| 10| 4| 0| Q 5. Are you satisfied with the price of your favourite soft drink? a. Satisfied b. Highly Satisfied c. Dissatisfied d. Highly dissatisfied Satisfied| Highly satisfied| Dissatisfied| Highly dissatisfied| 21| 29| 0| 0| Q 6. Are you influnenced by the advertisement given by your favourite soft drink company? a. Yes b. No c. May be Yes| No| May be| 24| 19| 7| Q 7. Do you think that endorsement by the celebrities can increase the sell of the soft drinks? a. Yes b. No c. May be Yes| No| May be| 28| 7| 15| Q 8. Is your favourite soft drink available in all/most of the retail store in your city? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 39| 11| Q 9. Do you feel that soft drinks should contain less calories so that those can be taken by the diabatese patients also? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 32| 18| Q 10. How many times in a week you go for soft drinks? a. 0-3 times b. 4-6 times c. 7-10 times d. More than 10 times 0-3 times| 4-6 times| 7-10 times| More than 10 times| 20| 22| 5| 3| Q 11. If you are an alcohol consumer,then at the time of consuming alcohol do you consume soft drinks also for making the taste of alcohol better? a. Yes b. No c. Sometimes Yes| No| Sometimes| 8| 5| 6| Q 12. Do you store soft drink at the refrigerator of your home? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 33| 17| Q 13. According to you what is the main USP of the soft drinks available in the market? a. Less costly than other drinks b. Taste c. Availability d. More refreshing Less costly than other drinks| Taste| Availability| More refreshing than other drinks| 4| 39| 0| 7| Q 14. Do you feel that inspite of using artificial flavours soft drink companies should go for natural flavours? a. Yes b. No c. May be Yes| No| May be| 21| 18| 11| Q 15. How do you rate the promotional strategies used by the soft drink companies? 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| | | | | | 2| 12| 15| 19| 2| CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS DATA ANALYSIS CROSS TABULATION,GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION AND INFERENCE QUESTIONNAIRE Q 1. Do you like to have soft drinks? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 42| 8| Interpretation Since the survey is done among the youth,from the statistics we can say that consumption of soft drink is very popular among youth. Q 2. Do you think that soft drinks that are available in the market are harmful for your health ? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 29| 21|. Interpretation Out of 50 people 21 people think that having soft drinks is harmful for their health. Inspite of that most of them consume soft drinks. Q 3. Do you think that soft drinks are good for refreshment? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 37| 13| Interpretation Most number of people feel that soft drinks are good for refreshment. Q 4. Which is your favourite flavour? a. Cola b. Orange c. Mango d. Lemon e. Others Cola| Orange| Mango| Lemon| Others| 26| 10| 10| 4| 0| Interpretation Majority of the people prefer to have cola. Q 5. Are you satisfied with the price of your favourite soft drink? a. Satisfied b. Highly Satisfied c. Dissatisfied d. Highly dissatisfied Satisfied| Highly satisfied| Dissatisfied| Highly dissatisfied| 21| 29| 0| 0| Interpretation There is no dissatisfaction among the consumer regarding the price of the soft drinks. Q 6. Are you influnenced by the advertisement given by your favourite soft drink company? a. Yes b. No c. May be Yes| No| May be| 24| 19| 7| Interpretation Most of the people are influenced by the advertisement given by the companies. So we can say that advertisement plays a major role in influencing soft drinks consumer. Q 7. Do you think that endorsement by the celebrities can increase the sell of the soft drinks? a. Yes b. No c. May be Yes| No| May be| 28| 7| 15| Interpretation Majority of the people are influenced by the celebrity endorsement Q 8. Is your favourite soft drink available in all/most of the retail store in your city? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 39| 11| Interpretation Since most of the people’s favourite soft drinks are available throughout their city,we can assume that distribution system of those companies are quite good. Though in some cases better distribution is required. Q 9. Do you feel that soft drinks should contain less calories so that those can be taken by the diabatese patients also? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 32| 18| Interpretation Most of the people are satisfied with the calory level in the soft drinks. Though some people want less calories. Q 10. How many times in a week you go for soft drinks? a. 0-3 times b. 4-6 times c. 7-10 times d. More than 10 times 0-3 times| 4-6 times| 7-10 times| More than 10 times| 20| 22| 5| 3| Interpretation Majority of the people consume at least 4-6 times in a week. So we can assume that high demand for soft drink is there. Q 11. If you are an alcohol consumer,then at the time of consuming alcohol do you consume soft drinks also for making the taste of alcohol better? a. Yes b. No c. Sometimes Yes| No| Sometimes| 8| 5| 6| Interpretation There exists a derived consumption of soft drinks. Q 12. Do you store soft drink at the refrigerator of your home? a. Yes b. No Yes| No| 33| 17| Interpretation Now a days most of the people store soft drinks in their home. So we can assume that the popularity of consuming soft drinks is increasing day by day. Q 13. According to you what is the main USP of the soft drinks available in the market? a. Less costly than other drinks b. Taste c. Availability d. More refreshing Less costly than other drinks| Taste| Availability| More refreshing than other drinks| 4| 39| 0| 7| Interpretation Majority of the people consume soft drinks because of it’s taste. Price doesn’t matter that much to them. Q 14. Do you feel that inspite of using artificial flavours soft drink companies should go for natural flavours? a. Yes b. No c. May be Yes| No| May be| 21| 18| 11| Interpretation Most of the people feels that natural flavours would be better than the artificial/synthetic flavours. Q 15. How do you rate the promotional strategies used by the soft drink companies? 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| | | | | | 2| 12| 15| 19| 2| Interpretation Majority of the consumer are very much satisfied by the promotions being done by the companies. CHAPTER 5 FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSION FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FINDINGS * Most of the consumers are influenced by those brands which represents their characteristics. In this case we have found that cola drinks are preffered by most of the boys,since those drinks are stronger than other drinks and most of the girls preffer to have orange and mango flavoured drinks as those are mild in taste compare to the cola drinks. * Most of the consumers are influenced by those brands which are being endorsed by the celebrities. * Promotion plays a very important role in case of increasing the sell,penetrate the market and holding the current market share. RECOMMENDATIONS * Now a days consumers are becoming health conscious. So keeping that in mind,companies should think about using natural flavours in spite of those synthetic ones. * To increase the market share companies should think about the people like diabatese patients also as they cannot consume high calories. Though some companies are manufacturing diet soft drinks but they are very few in numbers. CONCLUSION * From the survey it can be conclude that majority of the consumer like to purchase cola , flavor. * Consumers like to purchase soft drinks because of refreshments * In this scenario consumer buying behaviour is changed, because they are more health conscious . REFERENCES * http://www. helium. com/items/656129-consumer-buying-behavior-and-market-segmen tation * http://sbinformation. about. com/od/advertisingpr/a/behavior. htm * http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/19593/marketing_factors_consumer_buying_behavior. html? cat=35 * † http://www. WorldThinkTank. net/wttbbs/†. * http://ideas. repec.org/a/aea/jecper/v23y2009i2p99-120. html * http://www. livemint. com/2008/12/24222258/Buying-behaviour-Indian-consu. html * www. google. co. in * www. yahoo. co. in ANNEXURE QUESTIONNAIRE Q 1. Do you like to have soft drinks? a. Yes b. No Q 2. Do you think that soft drinks that are available in the market are harmful for your health ? a. Yes b. No Q 3. Do you think that soft drinks are good for refreshment? a. Yes b. No Q 4. Which is your favourite flavour? a. Cola b. Orange c. Mango d. Lemon e. Others Q 5. Are you satisfied with the price of your favourite soft drink? a. Satisfied b. Highly Satisfied c. Dissatisfied d. Highly dissatisfied Q 6. Are you influnenced by the advertisement given by your favourite soft drink company? a. Yes b. No c. May be Q 7. Do you think that endorsement by the celebrities can increase the sell of the soft drinks? a. Yes b. No c. May be Q 8. Is your favourite soft drink available in all/most of the retail store in your city? a. Yes b. No Q 9. Do you feel that soft drinks should contain less calories so that those can be taken by the diabatese patients also? a. Yes b. No Q 10. How many times in a week you go for soft drinks? a. 0-3 times b. 4-6 times c. 7-10 times d. More than 10 times Q 11. If you are an alcohol consumer,then at the time of consuming alcohol do you consume soft drinks also for making the taste of alcohol better? a. Yes b. No c. Sometimes Q 12. Do you store soft drink at the refrigerator of your home? a. Yes b. No Q 13. According to you what is the main USP of the soft drinks available in the market? a. Less costly than other drinks b. Taste c. Availability d. More refreshing Q 14. Do you feel that inspite of using artificial flavours soft drink companies should go for natural flavours? a. Yes b. No c. May be Q 15. How do you rate the promotional strategies used by the soft drink companies?